Africa (other than SADC countries)

If you have any additional information and resources to contribute to this part of the Website, please contact us at the Calabash Website.

For Africa-specific information and resources, click on any of:

PUBLIC PARTICIPATION GUIDELINES
• Guidelines on public participation in EIA and environmental management/protection
• Guidelines on indigenous peoples/community participation
• Generic public participation guidelines
• Guidelines on public participation in historic preservation planning

EIA GUIDELINES AND APPLICABLE LAWS

RESOURCES: METHODOLOGIES, PRACTICAL EXAMPLES, CAPACITY BUILDING
• Public participation resources - generic
• Resources on public participation in EIA, environmental management and protection
• Resources on capacity building, participatory development and community development and planning
• Resources on EIA, environmental management and protection
• Resources: libraries, networks, and discussion groups

CASE STUDIES
• Public participation case studies
• Case studies in EIA and environmental management and protection

TRAINING
• Training in EIA
• Training in public participation

CONTACTS

Also, if you have materials to contribute, please contact us at the Calabash Website.

Click on the focus area you are interested in:
• Guidelines on public participation in EIA and environmental management/protection
• Guidelines on indigenous peoples/community participation
• Generic public participation guidelines
• Guidelines on public participation in historic preservation planning

Guidelines on public participation in EIA and environmental management/protection - Africa specific

• The New Public: The Globalization of Public Participation
  This publication highlights cases from Africa. It is edited by Environmental Law Institute (ELI), Washington, Senior Attorney Carl Bruch, who takes a close look at the foundations of public involvement, and regional and international institutions that advance public involvement. The book, whose release coincided with the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg, South Africa, also highlights cases from the Americas, Europe, and Asia, illustrating the common need and experiences in promoting a core set of principles for public input in effective decision-making. Look for the chapter on African Initiatives for Public Participation in Environmental Management.
  http://www.elistore.org/reports_detail.asp?ID=10662

Generic public participation guidelines
If you do not find what you need under this part of the Website, remember to also look under the International, SADC or country categories. Also, if you have materials to contribute, please contact us at the Calabash Website.

EIA GUIDELINES
Environmental Impact Assessments are conducted all over the world to identify the potential negative and positive impacts of a proposed project, and to recommend mitigation measures to avoid or reduce potential negative impacts and enhance positive impacts. Almost every country has its own EIA guidelines and laws or regulations. There are also many generic EIA guidelines available internationally so if you cannot find what you need under this part of the Website, remember to look under the International, SADC or country categories. Also, if you have materials to contribute, please contact us at the Calabash Website.

• Environmental Guidelines for Small-Scale Activities in Africa
  Environmentally sound design for planning and implementing humanitarian and development activities
  http://www.afr-sd.org/publications/18ngo.pdf

Click on the focus area you are interested in:
• Public participation resources - generic
• Resources on public participation in EIA, environmental management and protection
• Resources on capacity building, participatory development and community development and planning
• Resources on EIA, environmental management and protection
• Resources: libraries, networks, and discussion groups

Public participation resources - generic, Africa specific
If you do not find what you need under this part of the Website, remember to also look under the International, SADC or country categories. Also, if you have materials to contribute, please contact us at the Calabash Website.

Resources on public participation in EIA, environmental management and protection, Africa-specific
If you do not find what you need under this part of the Website, remember to also look under the International, SADC or country categories. Also, if you have materials to contribute, please contact us at the Calabash Website.

Resources on capacity building, participatory development and community development and planning, Africa-specific

• Evaluation Capacity Development, Sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons from Experience in Support Sound Governance, February 2004. World Bank Operations Evaluation Department
  The World Bank is supporting monitoring and evaluation capacity development (M&ECD) in Sub-Saharan Africa. It has linked its M&ECD efforts to other governance activities in Sub-Saharan Africa, and is endeavoring to strengthen its work by building on the experience of previous work in support of governance in the Region.
  http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/oed/oeddoclib.nsf/0/04c690d45b0c392785256896007fac3e/$FILE/ECDSchacter.pdf

• Community-based Impact Assessment Network for Eastern Africa (CIANEA). Guide on Environmental Assessment and sound design for community-based small scale activities.
  This guide can be downloaded in pdf format, and read by using Adobe Acrobat Reader. Please click here to download.

• African Journal of Environmental Assessment and Management - INFOTERRA
  There is growing awareness in Africa for the need for an environmentally sound exploitation of the continent's resources. Initiatives toward this end are supported not only by international donor agencies but also by ground-breaking discussions by environmentalists in Africa and elsewhere who selflessly share their experiences with us on the EIA and management experience in Africa. This journal is devoted to articles from across Africa.
  http://www.sdnp.undp.org/rc/forums/mgr/sdnpaf/msg00695.html

• Capacity Development and Linkages for Environmental Impact Assessment in Africa (CLEIAA).
  This Website contains many useful resources on EIA in Africa. Also look at the database on EIA on this site.
  http://www.cleiaa.org/ and http://www.cleiaa.org/story.asp?ID=18

• Capacity Enhancement for Environmental Impact Assessment in Eastern Africa
  IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Eastern Africa Regional Office, with the support of the World Bank facilitated Africa wide EIA stakeholders consultation that culminated in a regional stakeholder workshop held on Nairobi in July 1998. The workshop deliberated on the findings of the consultation and developed a programme for Capacity Enhancement for EIA in Africa (CEAA).
  http://biodiversityeconomics.org/pdf/topics-507-01.pdf

• Centre for Environment Information and Knowledge in Africa (CEIKA)
  State of the Environment Report Reporting
  CEIKA supports Africans involved in developing effective state of the environment (SOE) reports. CEIKA publishes articles, opinion pieces and resource materials for SOE reporting.
  http://easd.org.za/Soe/soeindex.htm

• Centre for Environment Information and Knowledge in Africa (CEIKA)
  African Policies and Strategies
  - Environmental Policies
  - Environmental Strategies
  - State of the environment reports
  - National environmental action plans
  http://easd.org.za/afenstr/afpolst.htm

• Electronic Development and Environment Information System (ELDIS)
  ELDIS is a gateway to online information on development or the environment, focusing on countries of the South. This site provides you with links to major resources on participation for example, Participatory Initiatives WWW, Participation Collection and Database, IDS, Communities Online, Structural Adjustment Participatory Review Initiative (SAPRI), and more.
  *eldis@ids.ac.uk
  http://www.eldis.org/participation/

• Empowerment for African Sustainable Development (EASD)
  - On-Line Publications
  EASD produces publications in areas relating to sustainable development mostly in multimedia formats on the world-wide web or on CD ROM, but also in paper formats. We try to make an information resources available to people involved in environmental and development management. As such, we provide our own material as well as material from a wide range of other sources, either through links on the web, or directly on the site for downloading onto CD ROM for those who do not have access to the web. We ensure that the article has the appropriate references and acknowledgements.
  http://easd.org.za/Publicat/pubindx.htm
  - African environment On-Line
  http://easd.org.za/afenstr/afenvstr.htm

• Environmental Assessment and Management capacity building strategy for Africa, December 2003
  Compiled by Capacity Development Linkages in EIA in Africa, WAAEA, Eastern African Association for Impact Assessment and Southern African Institute for Environmental Assessment.
  This document sets out the preferred approach towards developing indigenous capacity in Environmental Assessment and Management (EA&M) in Africa.
  http://www.saiea.com/html/final_draft_cb_strategy.pdf

• Support for Capacity Enhancement for Environmental Impact Assessment in Eastern Africa
  This project proposal is prepared to support implementation of the programme for Capacity Enhancement for Environmental Impact Assessment (CEEIA) in Eastern Africa sub region. The CEEIA programme for Eastern Africa was developed by EIA stakeholders, practitioners and experts from Government agencies, research and training institutions as well as private sector in the region through a consultation process coordinated by IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Eastern Africa Regional Office.
  http://biodiversityeconomics.org/pdf/topics-507-02.pdf

• The Legal and Regulatory Framework for Environmental Impact Assessments. A Study of Selected Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa
  Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA), a procedure for evaluating the impact of proposed activities on the environment, is a growing reality in Africa and in 24 Sub-Saharan African countries, EIA is a matter of law.
  The Legal and Regulatory Framework for Environmental Impact Assessments, which is part of the Law, Justice, and Development series, examines the various aspects of EIA legislation in these countries. This book is based on extensive and in-depth analysis of the relevant EIA legislation. It focuses on and considers specific aspects of the EIA system, including: the definition of EIA in Sub-Saharan Africa laws; the prescribed activities, public participation, and consultation; the review process and the quality of EIA reports; monitoring and enforcement; compatibility with international norms; and transboundary issues. This book provides a special emphasis on the role and degree of public participation for the further development of law and policy in relation to environmental impact assessments in Sub-Saharan Africa.
  http://publications.worldbank.org/ecommerce/catalog/product?item_id=637954

• UNEP/UNDP Joint Project on Environmental Law and Institutions in Africa
  The activities in Malawi under the Project on Environmental Law and Institutions in Africa, were country-specific. Priority issues, identified by the National Task Force, were reviewed and, where possible, draft laws were proposed for processing according to the national legislative procedures. Even where laws were not eventually developed and/or enacted, the reviews remain useful materials for eventual work in the country or for comparative studies in development of environmental law. The important point is that the materials reflect the way Malawians viewed issues in environmental law in the country and the solutions which they proposed. This volume presents such reviews for land use and management; fisheries conservation and management; management of wastes; and management of toxic substances and chemicals. Existing statutes, in order to show inter-relationships before offering the proposed text. One of the statutes reviewed is the Local Government Act of 1988 which had extensive provisions on sanitation and waste management within local authorities. Coincidentally, the Government adopted a major policy shift with decentralization of governance which was expressed in the new Local Government Act (Act No. 42 of 1998) which came into effect on 30 December 1998. Therefore, the draft Regulations were never promulgated. A fresh study will need to be undertaken to produce draft regulations in line with the decentralized governance. The study will, nevertheless, form the basis of the new initiatives.
  http://www.unep.org/padelia/publications/Pol.Law.Malawi.pdf

• USAID Africa Bureau's Environmental Assessment Capacity Building (ENCAP)
  On this site you can:
  - find out about the ENCAP program and learn what's new;
  - learn about ENCAP's training courses;
  - find names and contact information for past ENCAP course participants;
  - find documents, training materials and other resources on environmentally sound design & environmental assessment;
  - locate links to other environment assessment materials and sites
  http://www.encapafrica.org

CASE STUDIES
Many guidelines, manuals, toolkits and other public participation resources contain case studies. Here we list those that specifically draws attention to them in their Website descriptions, but remember to look under other sites too, and remember to look under the Africa, SADC and specific country categories too.

Click on either:
• Public participation case studies
• Case studies in EIA and environmental management and protection

Public participation case studies

• From supervising 'subjects' to supporting 'citizens': recent developments in community forestry in Asia and Africa 2002, Participatory Management Clearinghouse, IUCN
  David Brown, Yam Malla, Kathrin Schreckenberg, Oliver Springate-Baginski
  Major investments have been made in recent decades in the development of community forestry. Drawing on two contrasting cases - Nepal (multiple purpose, relatively low value upland forests) and Cameroon (humid lowland forests of high commercial value) - this paper argues that policy development has involved many unknowns, necessitating a learning process orientation and considerable flexibility. This involves substantial cost, but the benefits may be significant, as regards both rural livelihoods and the proper husbandry of hitherto under-managed resources.
  http://www.iucn.org/themes/pmns/continents/africa.htm

• Problems with public participation in EIA process: examples from Sub-Saharan Africa, in Impact Assessment, IAIA, vol. 14, no.3.
  Kakonge, J.,O. 1996.
  This paper discusses factors impeding public participation in the EIA process in Africa, advantages of public participation in the EIA process, strategies for public participation in the EIA process, ways to improve public participation, and incorporating EIA into the project's decision-making process.
  *hamm@ndsudxt.nodak.edu Or *regeberg@ndsuext.nodak.edu

• "Role of Stakeholder Involvement" in Environmental Assessment: Issues, Trends and Practice
  Scott Wilson Resource Consultants (Ron Bisset). 1996.
  Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Environmental and Economics Unit.
  This chapter examines the need for stakeholder involvement in EIA systems and studies. It also provides guidelines for creating and implementing a framework for stakeholder involvement in EIA.
  *hussein.abaza@unep.org
  http://www.rona.unep.ch

• Best practices of Environmental Information Systems (EIS). The Case Study in Senegal: Executive Summary. Centre for Environment Information and Knowledge in Africa (CEIKA).
  The objective of this report was to carry out a case study on Best Practices of EIS in Senegal within the context of activities carried out by the EIS Program in Sub-Saharan Africa. This report is part of a series of country case reviews supported by the World Bank, US-AID and the GTZ - Pilot Project on Institutional Development in Environment (PVI), co-ordinated by a joint steering committee.
  http://easd.org.za/Eis/sengelsum.htm

• Best Practices of Environmental Information Systems in Ghana. Program on Environment Information Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa. 1999. Best Practices of Environmental Information Systems (EIS): The Case of Ghana. Draft final report prepared by J Allotey (EPA Ghana), A Baidoo (Optimum, Ghana) and U Mεrtensson (DUMECO, Sweden) and managed by DUMECO, Sweden. . Centre for Environment Information and Knowledge in Africa (CEIKA).
  http://easd.org.za/Eis/repts/Ghana/ghana.htm

• Capacity Development and Linkages for Environmental Impact Assessment in Africa (CLEIAA). This Website contains many useful resources on EIA in Africa. Also look at the database on EIA on this site.
  http://www.cleiaa.org/ and http://www.cleiaa.org/story.asp?ID=18

• Institutional Innovation in Community-based Participation: A case of the development and implementation of environmental projects and programmes at local government level in Nigeria
  Babajide Alo, University of Lagos, The World Bank/WBIs CBNRM Initiative
  *alo@pinet.net
  Innovative participatory principles and tenets are increasingly creeping into policy on environmental projects/programmes in sub-Saharan Africa. This is upcoming with the increasing requirements for sustainability of environmental projects in the region and the realization that "participation endeavors are never neutral - they always have an impact, whether positive or negative" (Cook and Donnelly-Roak, 1994). In order to effectively mainstream the tenets of participation, broad, long term policies and programmes are beginning to be established.
  http://srdis.ciesin.columbia.edu/cases/nigeria-007.html

If you have information on training courses to contribute here, please contact us at the Calabash Website.

Click below for training:
• Training in EIA
• Training in public participation

Training in EIA

• USAID Africa Bureau's Environmental Assessment Capacity Building (ENCAP). Plans for courses in DRC and Sudan in 2004. Also view this site from time to time for other courses.
  Training-of-Trainers course held in Kisumu, Kenya (November 3-14, 2003) in partnership with PACT/Kenya and CIANEA.
  Improving Success Rates of Small and Medium Enterprises with Cleaner Production. Second pilot course supported in Windhoek, Namibia (November 10-13, 2003).
  http://www.encapafrica.org

• The International Association for Public Participation (IAP2) offers three certificate courses in public participation: Planning for effective Public Participation, Effective Communications for Public Participation and Techniques for Effective Public Participation. IAP2 Trainers are available in Africa and courses are presented in any country where sufficient interest is expressed. Have a look on the IAP2 Website. If training is not listed for the country you are in, contact the IAP2 Board member for Africa, Tisha Greyling, at tgreyling@golder.co.za.
  http://www.iap2.org

• AllAfrica.com
  This site contains information on a wide range of topics and many environmental links.
  http://allafrica.com

• Africa Environment Information
  http://www.newafrica.com/environment

• African Development Bank
  http://www.afdb.org/

• African Development Bank EIA Activities
  In June 1990 the Bank issued an Environmental Policy paper that assessed the state of the environment in Africa, outlined policies for addressing the environment within the Bank, presented procedures for accounting for environmental concerns in the conduct of projects, and presented strategies for assisting Regional Member Countries (RMCs) in implementing environmentally sound policies and improved management of natural resources. This policy was formulated in order to stimulate the creation of the right structures within the Bank for integrating the continent's pressing environmental concerns into the Bank lending operations. With these structures in place, the hope is that the Bank's lending can help stimulate economic growth in the RMCs without unduly jeopardizing the ecological balance of Africa's physical environment.
  http://www.art.man.ac.uk/EIA/publications/newsletters/newsletter11/eiaincountries/africa.htm

• African Economic Research Consortium (AERC)
  http://www.aercafrica.org/contacts.asp

• African Academy of Sciences
  PO Box 14798, Nairobi, Kenya
  Tel: +254 2 884401 Fax: 884406
  Contact: Thomas R Odhiambo
  http://www.communityplanning.net/contacts/contacts.htm

• African Capacity Building Foundation (ACBF) The African Capacity Building Foundation (ACBF), based in Harare, Zimbabwe, is an independent, capacity-building institution established on February 9, 1991 through the collaborative efforts of three multilateral institutions (the African Development Bank (AFDB), the World Bank, and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), African governments and bilateral donors. This site contains a library and information resources, and information on conferences and seminars.
  http://www.acbf-pact.org/

• African Union Headquarters
  P.O. Box 3243 Roosvelt Street (Old Airport Area)
  W21K19Addis, Ababa Ethiopia
  Tel: +251 1 51 77 00, Fax:+251 1 51 78 44
  http://www.africa-union.org

• African Union Southern Africa Regional Office (AU/ SARO)
  Ms. Susan Yoyo, executive secretary of AU/SARO
  P.O.Box 30898, Lilongwe, Malawi
  Tel: +265 1 775 335, Fax: +265 1 775 330
  *oau-saro@malawi.net

• African Union of Local Authorities (IULA - AULA) - Zimbabwe
  *iula@harare.africa.com

• Capacity Development and Linkages for Environmental Impact Assessment in Africa (CLEIAA). This Website contains many useful resources on EIA in Africa.
  http://www.cleiaa.org/

• Centre for Environment Information and Knowledge in Africa (CEIKA). CEIKA provides multi-media resources and training to support strategic environmental management in Africa. CEIKA seeks to build African capacity for environmental management through the provision of relevant training and multi-media information and knowledge products. CEIKA is currently a project managed by Empowerment for African Sustainable Development (EASD). It will develop into an independent non-profit organization registered in South Africa. CEIKA's objective is to build African capacity for environmental management through the provision of relevant training and multi-media information and knowledge products.
  http://easd.org.za/ceika.htm

• Empowerment for African Sustainable Development (EASD), is a private non-profit corporation focusing on the empowerment of African people and institutions operating in the area of environmental management and sustainable development.

• Enterprise Development Impact Assessment Information Service (EDIAIS) The aims and objectives of this service are set out in the document "The EDIAIS Vision - aims & features". In order to make sure EDIAIS meets your needs, we would like to receive your views on its services: do the documents provide information that meets your needs? If not, why not? What services would you like EDIAIS to provide? etc.
  http://www.enterprise-impact.org.uk/index.shtml

• Global Development Network Africa Regional Window (GDNet) The Global Development Network (GDN) is a global network of research and policy institutes working together to address the problems of national and regional development.
  http://www.gdnet.org/about_gdn/

• Project on Environmental Assessment Capacity in the Mediterranean Region (METAP).
  METAP's MedPolicies Initiative/Rapid Assessments on Trade and Environment and International Competitiveness is funded through the World Bank's Development Grant Facility (DGF), and the Bank Netherlands Partnership Program (BNPP). It is implemented by the Economic and Social Commission for West Asia (ESCWA) which also provides counterpart funding for activities. The MedPolicies Initiative is currently in its third phase, with the first two phases (1997 - 1999, and 1999 - 2000) implemented by the Harvard Institute for International Development (HIID).
  http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/mna/mena.nsf/0/F1B7831CD41A9D1685256CD7007D90EB?OpenDocument

• SANGONeT SANGONeT is a facilitator in the effective and empowering use of information communication technology (ICT) tools by development and social justice actors in Africa. We aim to share information, build capacity and link people and organisations through the use of ICTs. We have over a decades experience in servicing civil society organisations in Africa.
  http://www.sn.apc.org/corporate/index.shtml

• The New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD)
  http://www.nepad.org

• World Bank (Sub-Saharan Africa Region)
  //wb/lnoo18.worldbank.org/afr/afr/nsf